Interaction with a Group of Students from UAE Assignment

Cooperation with a Group of Students from UAE - Assignment Example Despite the fact that the youthful folks from the UAE responded, they were by all accounts somewhat reluctant and limited. It created the impression that something was keeping them down. By and large, since I have gathered a little social proficiency, I imagine that being from UAE, which is a country with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index, my starting a discussion in an unconstrained and sudden way caused them to feel somewhat vague and on edge (Geert Hofstede 2). In consonance with a their social measurements, our companions from the UAE more likely than not been somewhat frightened to be confronted by a gathering of youthful outsiders, who were attempting to associate with them as though they were tragically deceased companions. Be that as it may, as our connection continued, things turned into somewhat more loose and agreeable. We discovered that the youngsters were understudies from a rumored business college situated at Abu Dhabi and the two develop courteous fellows going with them were their educators. We demonstrated an incredible enthusiasm for knowing with regards to how they found the scholastic condition at Abu Dhabi, the subjects they loved and the professions they expected to seek after in the wake of completing their degree in business. They energetically reacted to our interest and continued to discuss the subjects they discovered truly fascinating. Meanwhile, my companion Steven, who was additionally seeking after a MBA, got some information about his supposition with respect to a universal business issue. The educator continued to discuss the issue with a grin. Be that as it may, as he was talking, Steven intruded on him and genuinely negated the respectable man with respect to a particular p art of the theme being examined. Unexpectedly we felt that a premonition feeling of earnestness assumed control over the whole gathering from the UAE. The educators appeared to be a piece rankled and upset. Today, I think, UAE being a nation with an extremely high Power Distance Index, the case of Steven perceivably negating a senior educator, more likely than not appeared to be ill bred to our Arab companions (Geert Hofstede 2).

Culture framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Culture system - Essay Example They have picked up acknowledgment for their uncommon work towards the Mentawai individuals where they have helped them hold their way of life and customs notwithstanding the material guides gave to them and endeavors made towards a social change as opposed to social adjustment. The association markets itself with the assistance of its human qualities which they uncover in their exercises. arrangement of instruction, preparing and support have helped the association increase sufficient acknowledgment separated structure the ubiquity of Jenkins’ corporate strategies among the benefactors. It shows a mix of cautious key arranging and rendering social help simultaneously. Presentation Surf Aid is a â€Å"nonprofit helpful association established by Dr. Dave Jenkins, whose goal was to improve the wellbeing; prosperity and confidence of individuals living in segregated networks associated with the remainder of the world through surfing† (Surf Aid International, n.d.). ... Both the grown-up and the offspring of the locale experienced lack of healthy sustenance and catastrophic events like tidal wave and seismic tremor was an unforgiving reality that the individuals of those areas were confronting. (Yearly Report, 2006-2007, p. 6) The objective of the organization is to enable the network with the goal that they can help themselves in building neighborhood limit guaranteeing economical improved wellbeing flexibility. The instructive program started by the association to acquire mindfulness among the individuals of the network included teaching the network in sustenance, cleanliness and sanitation, spotless and solid conditions and counteraction of infections which additionally incorporates the conveyance of mosquito nets among the individuals of the network. The point of the association is to improve the wellbeing and prosperity of the individuals through a coordinated methodology of cost viability and high-sway mediations without infringing upon their way of life, along these lines not putting forth an attempt to urbanize them. The organization’s work was to acquire an adjustment in the conduct of the network which were important to have a solid living yet not changing the way of life of the entire network. The exertion of the association has brought about quantifiable wellbeing improvement and decrease in wellbeing imbalance in the long run (Roxburg, n.d.). The association without taking a shot at the reality to urbanize the territory has worked upon the recuperating of the network from sicknesses. It has in a manner spoken to the network of the islander. Hierarchical Values and Culture Surf Aid advocates the authoritative estimations of responsibility to other people, straightforwardness of the association and organization. The association passes by the standard and benefits of regarding partners, networks and social equity. The

Book Riots Deals of the Day for December 6th, 2019

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Essay about Gender Roles in Macbeth - 1453 Words

Gender Roles in Macbeth Although written long ago, Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth still has themes relevant for contemporary society. Murderous ambition, political intrigue, crafty social alliances, the disintegration of marriage – these could be headlines from any daily news program. It comes as no surprise, then, that we also find a significant number of moments in the play where gender seems to be an issue. More specifically, we might say that Shakespeares dramatic investigation into proper uses of power consists, in part, of a rigorous critique of the disparities between the respective roles assigned to men and women. Shakespeare seems especially interested in the moral and ethical implications of such†¦show more content†¦In fact, we expect men to be bloody and violent in the play, and their bloody deeds are sanctioned because they are directed at enemies (Marilyn L. Williamson, Violence and Gender Ideology, Shakespeare Left and Right, ed. Ivo Kamps [New York: Routledge, 1991], p. 194). Several critics have discussed the provocative movement from the sergeants account of a gore-splattered Macbeth to Macbeths encounter with the three Weird Sisters: we can assume that the dramatic juxtaposition is intended to provoke a recognition of kind. Others have pointed to Macbeths habitual echoing of the witches, another device which links him to what appears to be a source of evil in the play. With these observations in mind, we ought also to note the explicit reference to gender-markers in the third scene. The ambiguity brought about by conflicting male and female signs clearly troubles Banquo: You seem to understand me, By each at once her choppy finger laying Upon her skinny lips: you should be women, And yet your beards forbid me to interpret That you are so. (1.3.43-47) These creatures confuse him because they display traditional indicators of both male and female genders; but especially disturbing to Banquo is what can be seen as an excess of masculinity: beards which prevent him from assuming that these are women.Show MoreRelatedGender Roles In Macbeth1477 Words   |  6 PagesShakespearian times the woman had no powerful roles, they did not write or act in plays. The roles were strictly played by men. This was true, however, in Macbeth written by William Shakespeare he portrays that both the men and the women in the play craved powerful roles, and desire ambition. Additionally, he shows how the roles of gender are flipped between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, and displays that Lady Macbeth wants control over Macbeth. In the play Lady Macbeth stands in for Macbeth’s manliness throughoutRead MoreGender Roles in Macbeth732 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to gender theory, society assigns certain roles for men and women. In Shakespeare’s M acbeth, these gender roles play an important part in violence. Both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth appeal to the role of â€Å"manhood† as violent and aggressive in order to accomplish the murders of King Duncan and Banquo. Women are portrayed as initiators of crimes and are viewed as devious.So, throughout the play, gender roles provide a means for murders and viciousness. At the beginning of the play, King DuncanRead MoreGender Roles In Macbeth894 Words   |  4 PagesZoe Lyon Mrs. Calland Honors CP English 9 13 December 2017 Manhood, Masculinity, and Gender Roles in Macbeth Gender stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about the roles of each gender. In the play Macbeth, the author, William Shakespeare shows these stereotypes through the characters and their conflicts and challenges. Throughout the play, we develop an understanding about how the characters’ perspectives on what manhood and masculinity means, plays a huge part in the decisions they makeRead MoreGender Roles In Macbeth1879 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Gender in Macbeth Throughout human history, many cultures around the world develop a strict guideline of expected duties and characteristics that are based on gender. In Shakespeare’s plays, the role of gender depends on whether the play is a comedy or a tragedy. In many of Shakespeare’s comedies, even the most independent and clever women, who defy their traditional role, are eventually tamed through marriage and are ultimately redeemed. In his tragedies, however, characters who doRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In Shakespeares Macbeth880 Words   |  4 Pages Topic: What is the message about women that is portrayed in the play Macbeth? Does the play defy or conform to the gender norms? Macbeth Essay Assignment Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s Macbeth During the play of Macbeth, Shakespeare does defy gender norms. He portrays that the gender of a person does not define who they are and how they act and gender roles as not being a stereotype. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both exhibit traits that are not the way males and females are â€Å"supposed† to act. ShakespeareRead MoreMacbeth Gender Roles Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Macbeth† completely challenges the idea of traditional gender roles and social norms during the renaissance period. The male characters have many feminine traits while the female characters have many more masculine and manlier traits. This was going entirely against the stereotypical outlook of the roles you’re supposed to play as your gender during that time of history. During the renaissance period women were only expected to clean, cook, and to have babies. Men onRead MoreGender Roles In Macbeth Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagesof the time they wer e written, which can educate people in modern day about philosophy further back than the 17th century. The plot of the play, Macbeth shows how dark and hostile Shakespeare’s writing became after King James took the throne in 1605 (BBC, 2014). The way the play speaks about women can reflect on the way Shakespeare thought of gender roles, and can display how far society has come in four centuries. In the 17th century, women had few rights, and followed orders from men, at the timeRead MoreGender Roles- Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn the old Shakespeare play Macbeth, women wear the pants, while the men wear the dresses, this is the theme throughout the play. It focuses on the marriage of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth takes the lead role, while she convinces her husband to kill Duncan. Shakespeare play concerning gender roles, shows the untraditional marriage in Scotland; what one sees is not what one gets. It also show how one starts is not how they end. The story of Macbeth shows power and betrayal. It shows power because it showsRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In Macbeth By William Shakespeare1043 Words   |  5 PagesIn Macbeth by William Shakespeare, gender plays a pivotal role in the development of the overall plot and as the play advances, certain characters, including Macbeth and Lady Macbeth experience a reversal in traditional gender behaviors. Additionally, we see gender confusion among other characters that enhances conflict in the play. Originally, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are portrayed in ways that enforce their respective masculinity and feminism in accordance to the society around them. As MacbethRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In William Shakespeares Macbeth1397 Words   |  6 Pagescompany. The tragedy was Macbeth, and it was about a Scottish nobleman who committed unimaginable acts for his own gain and benefit simply because of a prophecy. Shakespeare had demolished the stereotypes given by society to men and women in that time period by creating his characters to be the exact opposite of what was expected. This is evident in Macbeth’s opinion of his wife, Lady Macbeth’s shocking personality and in the three witches’ mocking and dark nature. Gender roles are significantly visible

Analysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell - 930 Words

The book 1984 was filled with constant rebellion from one individual known as Winston Smith who does not believe in the â€Å"Party† and would much rather join the â€Å"Brotherhood† where he can oppose the Party. While in Divergent, Beatrice Prior is loyal and compliant with her government until she learns that she is a rare type of human known as a divergent and poses a threat to her government. These two stories while incredibly different have many similarities as well. Both stories are about people trying to distance themselves from their government, and they have certain sections of government that people are right for. Although, in Divergent, Beatrice has special traits that enable her to escape her fight while Winston is tortured into loving the party. In Divergent Beatrice Prior has been raised in the Abnegation faction her entire life and she finally comes of age and has to decide what faction she will reside in for the rest of her life. While they take a test that tells them their best choice they are still able to make their decision and she chooses Dauntless. In 1984 Winston’s life is chosen for him as well because he is taught to work in the Ministry of Truth and does so for much of his life. In both of these stories everyone is split into groups or factions based on what they can do best. The splitting of these groups is relevant in both stories because they begin to talk with other groups and continue to get in more trouble with their governments. While both 1984Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1362 Words   |  6 PagesKathie Tejada Professor Antonio Tomà ¡s Guerrero Dà ­az COLI 214B 1984 This novel, 1984, is a dystopia and takes place in Oceania where people live in a totalitarian society. The author, George Orwell, wrote this as if he was looking into the future and what it was going to turn in to. This group of people, called The Party, have control over everything and everyone, and they have a leader, known as Big Brother, who is everywhere throughout the novel and the people look up to him. They invented a languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1084 Words   |  5 Pages1984 was written by British author George Orwell. The main character is an average man by the name of Winston Smith. Winston does not agree with the ideals of the party; this gets him arrested by the thought police. 1984 proclaims what could happen if people just let the government do all their thinking for them. 1.In the world of 1984, what is considered orthodox is not the same as the actual world. In the book in order to be considered orthodox one must never question the party or have any individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1493 Words   |  6 Pagessteadily bringing us closer to the world of Big Brother because the government has the ability to collect information from devices that are constantly being in use such as cell phones, televisions, and computers without our consent. In the book entitled 1984, George Orwell reveals how Oceania was a world where no one could be trusted; an action as simple as thinking was considered a violation of the law and you could be arrested for it. Individuals were living in a society where their own thoughts, evenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1288 Words   |  6 PagesControlled freedom Present day society is very much like society in the book 1984. Although, some of the procedures have diminished slightly, they still do exist, and are still current in today’s society. it’s a shame that most people fail to see that our â€Å"free† nation is actually still controlled. we are being manipulated in such a manner that we do not see by propaganda, media, lies, and yes even torture. Many citizens can say that here in America we are free nation or have freedom, but do weRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1088 Words   |  5 Pages1984 The book that I chose for my first book report was 1984 by George Orwell. The story begins by introducing a man named, Winston Smith, a simple man from the country known as Oceania. He lives in a small flat within London, on the Island known as Airstrip One. Winston is a part of the outer party, which is a part of the ruling party within Oceania, and is a low ranking member who works for the Ministry of Truth as a propaganda officer. The people of the ruling party are constantly being watchedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell968 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, 1984 by George Orwell, is about the external and internal conflicts that take place between the two main characters, Winston and Big Brother and how the two government ideas of Democracy and totalitarianism take place within the novel. Orwell wrote the novel around the idea of communism/totalitarianism and how society would be like if it were to take place. In Orwell’s mind democracy and communism cre ated two main characters, Winston and Big Brother. Big Brother represents the idea ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel 1984, written by George Orwell, depicts a horrendous future in which the citizens of the tyrannous state of Oceania live under unceasing surveillance. The mysterious character of Big Brother serves as the leader of this dystopian society while members of the Party work for total power over the general public. Telescreens are installed in every room for constant investigation, language is continuously modified, and extreme actions are made in order to achieve the end goal of absolute controlRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1253 Words   |  6 Pagesno point of trying to live a regular life. In the book 1984 by George Orwell nearly everyone in the book is brainwashed and given a lot of false information. Winston and other characters only provide a little bit of hope. With a little bit of hope i n the brainwashed world there is still absolutely no chance for any recovery unless the upper management screws up. This hope provides nearly no chance of humanity going back to normal. In the book, 1984, Big Brother is watching over everyone at all timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell2321 Words   |  10 Pagespossible crime, thoughtcrime. In the novel â€Å"1984†, by George Orwell, Winston Smith rebelles passively against the idea of living in a complete uniform world under Big Brother’s dreadful surveillance. Thought crime’s impact on the novel’s population is devastating, so much so that it is somewhat hard to picture today’s society in its place. The sad reality is that thoughtcrime does impact the lives of the people in today’s society to some extent as it does in the book. The level of punishment for such a crimeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1092 Words   |  5 Pages and opinions of its citizens; therefore removing the difference between state and society. The goal of a totalitarian government is to replace the existing society with a perfect one. In the novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dominant figure in the ways which he controls Oceania. Orwell portrays a society with a government that oversees and influences each facet of human life to the point that even having an unfaithful thought that is in disagreement with the law is forbidden. Big Brother

The Reasons Young People Use Drugs Free Essays

The Reasons Young People Use Drugs Jenita Magdalena, 1106053256 FIK UI 2011 Drugs are not a familiar problem in the ears of the people of Indonesia today. Especially in the ears of young people. Why? Because many young people in Indonesia now felt into drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reasons Young People Use Drugs or any similar topic only for you Order Now And tragically, this is no longer just a problem in big cities only, but now also been expanded to rural areas. This is because drug addicts today are not only the wearer, but also as a dealer. The easier access to get drugs must be one of the factor. With the above explanation, it is clear that the drugs problem undermines the future of Indonesia’s young generation. There are many reasons that many people -especially young people- using drugs. There reasons are media, curiosity, lack of proper family guidence, and the factor of friends. The reasons were not the absolute reason. There are still many other factors, but the above factors are a common factor in today’s society. It helps us to better identify the factors above as an initial step spread of drugs prevention. The first reason of someone falling into the circle of drugs is the media factor. Along with the development of today’s technology, people become very dependent on technology such as mobile phones, television, radio, and internet. Thus the role of the media becomes very important in a person’s psychological development. People who are too often witnessed the violence in movies or the internet, believed to be more aggressive. As same as the drugs problem. Someone who often witnessed how drug users or drugs used, were also likely to fall into drugs. Therefore, the sensors could be reducing the scenes of drug use as one of the major steps in drugs prevention. Besides the media, of course, is the major causative factor is high curiosity and want to try drugs. Because someone who has seen drug users in film, television, and internet, will appear curious and wanted to try drugs. They are not know, by trying the drugs it will be difficult for them to escape from the drugs. Because the drugs is one type of substance that would cause the addiction for the wearer. Lack of proper guidance of the family can also be an important factor in causing a child got into drugs. Parents should act as educators in the family, should be a good example for children. So that children can imitate the good behavior of their parents. Based on research, a child who was raised by parents who become drug addicts, most likely the child will also become addicted to drugs later. Thus, the role of parents can be an important one of the psychological development of children. And the final factor that is not less important is the factor of friends. Often, playmates who use drugs will invite other friends to come to feel or using drugs. And usually, someone who offered his friend to use drugs will be easy to take drugs. That’s because a sense of solidarity and friendship is strong, so people are can’t reject his captives. Of course as we all know, once someone has tried to feel the drugs, it will be difficult to him to get out of the bondage of drugs. Thus by knowing the factors that cause someone to fall into the drugs, we expected to take reasonable precautions against those around us. So that step by step spread of the drugs will be reduced in this country. And of course our hope is with the reduced network with drugs in this country is Indonesia’s future will be bright, because the future of Indonesia is in the hands of youth. How to cite The Reasons Young People Use Drugs, Essay examples

Challenging The Versatility Tesla Turbine -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Challenging The Versatility Tesla Turbine? Answer: Introduction A turbine is set of parallel discs on a uniaxial shaft, in housed by casing and rotating at very high speed device. The patent right of this simple but effective device goes to Nikola tesla, who invented and given its own name to this turbine in 1913. This device is being used in modern estates to generate electrical power. Most of the business entities use electricity in carrying out its core activities. It took him much time to successfully invent this machine as it involved various tests globally to arrive at an effective project. Use of no blades in rotating of the engine was one of the most unique things invented by Nikola. This is because people believed that a machine can only move through the aid of blades at the centre which was contrary to Tesla`s thought. Tesla turbine has undergone changes over years and this has been just to make sure its efficiency is also improved (Gingery, 2014). The main feature of this machine is that it is purely made of disks that dont use blades to generate power. When the internal motion is high, effect of wear and tear is reduced hence increasing its efficiency. Another key factor that increases efficiency is the manner in which it was constructed. It is light in nature hence high efficiency. The basic function includes that, fluid pulls itself forcefully through viscosity and adhesion of the surface layer of the fluid. When the fluid declines and adds force to the disks, it curves into the middle exhaust and since the rotary part of the machine has got no outlets, it is strongly built. For this machine to work more perfect, the speed of disk rotation at the centre must be high. High motion generates more power hence increase in its efficiency. The intensity of temperature also contributes a great deal when looking at its functioning capabilities(Churai, 2015). Description and property of components In general the material used in making parts of tesla turbines comes under AISI 4140 steel material; the chemical composition generally contained in this steel is chromium 1%, molybdenum 0.8 % that is why its material has high tensile property, the youngs modulus of this material is about 220 GPa, density is found as 7852 kg/m3, Poisson ration is equal as 0.29, thermal expansion is considered as 13.7 x 10-6. Thermal conductivity comes around 42 W/moK. Before going to main parts as a disc, first we will introduce the parts used in this device. Housing ring with nozzle It is one of the main components used in tesla motors; the purpose of this component is to control the direction of flow from entry of the fluid to exit of the fluid. It also encloses the disc and maintains pressure around it. Disk is also the main component in tesla turbine. The disk is mounted on the shaft and covered with casing, the steam is directly send to the circumference of the disk and passing through the spaces between disks and goes to the centre of the disk, to the exhaust, the disc starts to rotate due to viscous force of the fluid. This is the main function for the disk(Dave, 2016). Design consideration of Disc. For design consideration purpose, we have to start from basic principle of fluid mechanics which is generally used in this kind of rotary equipment. This also describes that what are the important parameters used in design consideration of the disk. Angular velocity of disk As we know that, it is the rate of change of angular motion, but for the case of Tesla turbine, the maximum angular velocity without giving the plastic deformation to any component to Tesla motors can be given as by the following equation, where each of the term used in this equation has their own general meaning. Where y is the yield stress, FS is the factor of safety For the case of aluminium disk, after calculation, the maximum safe rotational speed is coming as 3616 rad/s or 34500 rotations per minute(Guha, 2009). Exhaust design- The placement of exhaust holes from disk to disc is also an important parameter in for disk consideration, the approach for exhaust design approached by disk pack are given by two different researchers which prevalent now a day, the first one is itself from Nicola Tesla in 1913. The original design of this component is like that holes are placed in the disk which is near to the side casing, the other disk in between them is kept without hole. The main advantage of this disk is simplification during assembly. The disk spacer is not causing any hindrance to the flow, but problem is it decreases the duration of flow contact with the disk. An efficient Tesla turbine needs close spacing of the disks; the disks must be very thin as well as being extremely smooth. The disks should thin just to prevent pulling along the surface and violent movement at the disk edges. They should be extremely smooth just to minimize surface and shear losses. Another design suggest that exhaust is being central where the disk are mounted to a hub, I this condition the role of shaft is negligible to the flow, in this condition the flow of exhaust is less haunted by zigzag path of flow, the further turbulent motion is taken care by giving spacer between the disk and current in large purposes it is being used (Rice 1991). This design is also accepted by Hoya and Guhas design, in spite of the this various designed discovered by other researchers which is tabulated below, but most widely used design is design given by Rice Researcher ro T1 Disc Spacing Speed Efficiency Race (1991) 88.9 33.5 9 1.6 11800 23.2 Lemma (2008) 25 5.95 6 n/a 96000 20 Emirian (2011) 18.8 17 4 n/a 50000 n/a Peshlakai (2012) 75 34.5 12 1.3 n/a 31 Romanian (2012) 36.5 18 10 1.2 n/a 16.3 Romanian (2012) 5 1 4 0.5 n/a 13.7 Guha (2009) 46 12.5 8 0.2 25000 26 The given tesla motor for our assignment is comparatively small, in this condition we, can consider it for high speed disk. As we know that, the disk given in the turbine is having tendency to acquire the speed of the fluid, if mechanically we can think that if number of disk is increased, this will provide more power to output. The efficiency of Tesla turbine can also be improved by putting stationary disks between the rotating disks. Steam turbines get their energy through expansion and once the steam hits the outer perimeter of the disk and transfers little energy of momentum the steam will continue to expand in between the disks. This results into a lot of energy being wasted since the disks are stationery with respect to each other that expansion transfers no momentum to the disks. The expanding disk therefore needs something to push against to transfer energy of rotation to the disk and this can be provided by a stationery disk next to it. Considering the shape of a real steam turbine, there are sets of stationery blades between the sets of spinning blades. They give the expanding steam a place to p ush against to transfer force to the next set of rotating blades. A set of stationery disks would do that for the Tesla turbine(Cheney, 2012). But there is certain relation which, set the relation between number of disk and its efficiency. The requirement of total number of disk in a tesla motor can be calculated as follows: - Suppose for given tesla motor, the circumference and Reynolds number of fluid is quite less than 2280, then it this condition. Mass flow rate can be given as The total mass flow rate can be written as mT or, ..(i) n indicates the no of gap between the disk, then Reynolds no (ii From equation (i) and equation (ii) we, can derive the following equation The given equation suggests that n is the number of gap between the disk, in this condition the In this condition we can conclude that for lower Reynolds number we must increase number of disk. Similarly, performance of the disk also given by the formula where K depends on ration s/R and /R and it is dimension less(Joo Batista, 2015) The material used in Tesla turbine especially disk material had their own challenges and limitations that hindered them from effective functioning. These disadvantages made marketing of the equipment difficult and more advances had to be done. It will be more effective and relevant to look at some of the barriers of Tesla turbine materials before specifying its alterations(Cheney, 2012). The rate at which fluids flows will be more as compared to the previous speed at which fluids pumped in, Secondly, is through making of obsolete use of blades in generating of power. When the turbines are bladeless, costs related to their maintenance lowers by a greater percentage. It makes all activities cheaper including maintenance. All that is required is elevation of turbines higher for full access to flowing wind in the environment. Once that is done, a source of power for instance a generator can be installed at the bottom of the post that will help in maintenance of the turbines. (Stevens, 2013) This reduces the monotony of a person climbing on the posts at intervals. Protection of these elevated turbines in an enclosed place prevents harmful conducts with air based creatures like birds. Thirdly, is through use of coolants in gas turbine engines. These coolants are only effective in turbines that use gas for generating power. Pollution to the environment is reduced and it bec omes more effective to implement as compared to prior Tesla turbines materials. Conservation of the environment is a key issue that needs to be observed when inventing machines. Use of coolant is friendly and hence acceptable across the world due to its safety measures(Emran, 2011) Surface roughness Roughness is also playing an important role in lifting efficiency level. But very few specifications, I have seen where roughness is taken as an important parameter. If disk of a tesla motors has smooth surface will not allow the fluid for adhesion, hence efficiency will be decreased. This the resin behind making of disk by carbon fibre, this material has mirror surface finish, and directly using such material does enhance the performance of the turbine overall, to avoid this we are providing roughness in certain amount to the surface of carbon fibre material. This is applicable for steel material also, about roughness of 500ra is good enough for giving the efficiency boost up by 5%(Borate N, 2014). Increasing the weight of disk is giving one advantage that it gives moment to the output, but decreasing the weight of the disk provides several advantages. Designing the machine in a way that it weighs less is another finding that got positive impacts. This improves the efficiency brought about by less power needed to generate energy. Consumption of fuel is less costly thus becoming economical. Problems of wear and tear are minimized due to high speed of rotating disks. This then means an increasing working span of this light engine machine. Replacement of new parts caused by friction is reduced and this gives a competitive advantage to other machines that uses blades. The unique nature of it is admirable by many business people because it stands alone in the market sector with no competition from other inventions. (Sutherland-Cohen, 2016) Impact on Environment Most of the investigation does not succeed only due to the problem that its material is not environment friendly. Most people were worried about the effects this machine would bring on the environment. The health hazards accompanied with it posed much stress to individuals but invention of a bladeless machine relieved many. Most of the pollution was brought about by combustion of fuel inside the machine. Burning of fuel generated harmful emission which gave a challenge to scientists. They tried to carry out research aimed at identifying the main source of harmful emissions. Upon discovery of the loopholes, they further designed disks that were hollow at the centre. The vacuum was helpful since it was used as an entrance for coolants. Injection of coolants also reduces wear and tear caused by friction of moving parts. This is also another factor that makes the efficiency better. Injected fluids significantly increase speed resulting in less consumption of fuel and less emission in the environment (ONeil, 2010). Generation of electricity by combustion of coal in the modern world has led to more harm than good on the environment. Some of the hazards include air pollution brought by emission of gases. This however can be ratified by the use of this bladeless machine. Maintenance costs are adversely reduced with the application of such a machine and this can provide a useful breakthrough that is more efficient. Many scientists came to an agreement with these new inventions and gave suggestions of implementation. Keeping in mind that, human beings cannot live in an environment which is highly polluted and contaminated. Pollution affects the health of individuals thus the need for critical changes. It uses less fuel hence no emission coming from it when working. Occurrences that tend to interfere with the safety of surrounding human beings must be addressed drastically. The health of every individual is more important than any other factor since labour comes from people who need to be healthy and in good working conditions. ((FAIRALL, 2017) Our suggestion on material for disk We have taken several criteria for choosing the disk according to the best design and other parameter consideration, based on the above criteria, Exhaust design, no of disk, surface roughness weight and environmental impact, we can say that, the possible material for disk is nothing but plastic, The reason behind telling is that in todays world there are enormous research has been taken place on this material and its property had improved day by day. Even it is out of imagination that is there any place, where we cannot use plastic. Due to its enormous amount of variation in property by changing fraction in manufacturing process, this material has made place in every aspect of society. Initially plastic was regarded as environmental enemy, but continuous improvement in property of this material, it somehow it becomes environment friendly. Even in making engine of a car or design of propeller, plastic has taken place of cast steel and highly durable steel(Holland, 2015). The plastic used for making this blade is ABS-P430 (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). The property of this ABS plastic is that it has very high great resistance against impact, and its resistance to heat is also better than other material used for disk purpose. During experimenta Process, the various profile capacity was checked; some of the important feature will be described below. Process Parameter for Check for New Disk Fluid Vapor, Water liquid Exhaust boundary condition 0 gauge pressure Start method Hybrid Input type Inlet Velocity Frame of Reference Absolute Inlet velocity 50 m/s Outlet type Pressure-inlet Disk and blade type Moving wall (Pelton type) Disk motion Rotational Disk speed 2400 rpm Disk shear condition No slip Reporting interval 1 Profile update interval 1 iterations done 2300 Streamline 3d Start from Inlet Sampling Equally spaced # Of points 100 Table 1Process parameter for ABS-9430 disk, (Sources - Dave-2016) From the above table it is clear that, its property is nothing less that the material found in other type of disk. Base on the above parameter, its other specification can be calculated easily. The estimated velocity for this type of disk is about 28 m/sec, The volume of the disk is only 0.00254 m3 , and flow rate that can be obtained from this disk is about 0.6401 m3/s. Input power for the disk = 0.6401*100000 = 64.01 KW The out for this disk can be calculated as 22.4981 x 250 = 5624.52 Kw If there are six number of disk placed in this then its output power = 6 5624.52 = 33.747 KW If we know the input and output power then its efficiency can be calculated as = 33.747/64.01 = 53.229 % As per efficiency we can say that, it is of highest efficiency for any tesla motor which has disk. The main beauty of this disk is that its roughness can be altered by applying various tools. Going through further research it was found that mostly Tesla turbine, which has multiple disk are based on mechanism of energy transfer. The placement of exhaust hole on the disk is being placed just to centre of shaft, which makes churning tendency to the disk. The fluid has to find its own way itself. The output is only dependent on input pressure, in simple way; we can say that there is not path for fluid to gong outside. This makes the disk little bit inefficient(Joshi, 2016). The modified and altered turbines disk has spiral groove on its face which makes the fluid This shapes of this wheel is characterises as Pelton wheel, in this condition the force duration for fluid is increased and it provide more torque that other type of disk. The design of wheel made in such a way that the flow will be directed towards the exhaust port. And so the fluid will leave through the exhaust port(Khan, 2013). In addition one more modification was done in this motor is that the inlet consists of small holes near the disk, which directly point the gap between the disk, due to this reason, more centrifugal force is generated and as a result it gives more torque Miscellaneous issue Firstly, there is challenge of marketing Tesla turbine. The manner in which it was designed gives no room for further improvements or additions. This is because of its small size that weighs on average 4 kilograms. The velocity at which the rotors move is considerably high and this makes disks to expand interfering with their performance. With some deficiency, it exposed the Tesla turbine to risks that made users shy away from purchasing it for commercial purposes. High movement of disks caused a lot of wear and tear between material parts making the machine costly in the long run. The working life span reduced and it could not be used for a long period of time. Investors were not motivated with such disadvantages rendering it inefficient to market it globally. (Young, 2012) Secondly, there was discovery of a new model by warren which was more improved than Tesla. Warren came up with his new model of turbine after carrying out critical investigation to determine the effectiveness of Tesla and his own new invention. It was agreed that Warrens new version was more relevant as compared to the original turbine of Tesla (Seifer, 2008). Comparing the efficiency of Warrens model, more investors started using this new version posing a challenge to selling of Tesla turbine. It became easy to commercialize Warrens new turbine materials globally due to its high work rate and life span. This made selling of Tesla turbine to the outside continents hard. Lastly, the dependence of friction between turbine apartments makes it ineffective for use. Movement of parts in the centre generally does not generate high force of power. Low power generation makes turbine loss importance in performing tasks that require high volume of heat (Tesla, 2010). Tesla turbine materials need a lot of changes to make them work more effective according to the modern technological demands by investors. Some of the alterations include; elevation of turbines on raised posts. This alteration will mean that turbine movement will no longer depend on generated power. They will have to be driven by wind available in the surrounding. Wind is a free good given by God hence making everything cheaper and economical. Spaces in between the machine enable free inward flow of environmental air which accumulates inside and rotates the disks at a high velocity. Originally, Tesla turbine used power to generate mechanical energy which was costly. Use of wind becomes less costly in changing of wind to mechanical power. It will be now efficiency to use wind energy as compared to Tesla turbines sources (Ferzak, 2010). The rate at which fluids flows will be more as compared to the previous speed at which fluids pumped in secondly, is through making of obsolete use of blades in generating of power. When the turbines are bladeless, costs related to their maintenance lowers by a greater percentage. It makes all activities cheaper including maintenance. All that is required is elevation of turbines higher for full access to flowing wind in the environment. Once that is done, a source of power for instance a generator can be installed at the bottom of the post that will help in maintenance of the turbines. (Stevens, 2013) This reduces the monotony of a person climbing on the posts at intervals. Protection of these elevated turbines in an enclosed place prevents harmful conducts with air based creatures like birds. Thirdly, is through use of coolants in gas turbine engines. These coolants are only effective in turbines that use gas for generating power. Pollution to the environment is reduced and it beco mes more effective to implement as compared to prior Tesla turbines materials. Conservation of the environment is a key issue that needs to be observed when inventing machines. Use of coolant is friendly and hence acceptable across the world due to its safety measures (Eisen, 2011). Conclusion From the analysis of different literature and analysing the different aspect of Tesla Motor and its blade, it can be concluded that, there are thousands of improvement has been taken place and still there are lot of requirement which is to be fulfilled to increase the efficiency of tesla turbine, starting wood to implementation of carbon fibre in blade and casing, millions types of material has been tested, the result is efficiency of tesla motors have been improved far more than when it was discovered, but still we are under 60% of efficiency. Still we have to go for another point of view for taking its efficiency much higher. Making of Tesla turbine disk with ABS material is good option, but it only for smaller pump. As the time proceed, various the new material will become available for replacing the ABS and carbon fibre for tesla turbine disk purposes. The various ways of making the turbines effective and or efficient has also been realized in the research. It has also been found out than the Tesla turbine has got various advantages. Another realization the research is that despite improved rotating disks having numerous advantages it also has got a consequence and how to overcome the consequence is also realized. Last but not least, the various applications of the Tesla turbine have also been realized. These findings clearly show how beneficial is the Tesla turbine and therefore the need to improve it. A great consideration is supposed to be given in the improvement of turbine materials. Due to the key importance of the machine, significant alterations to the system will help greatly for the efficiency of the turbine. The useful amendments performed on Tesla turbines materials helps a lot ranging from operational costs to labour costs. References Borate N, . M. (2014). An Effect of Surface Finish and Spacing between Discs. Sveris, 1-7. Cheney, M. (2012). Tesla, Man out of time. Manufacuting technology, 1-12. Churai, A. R. (2015). A review of tesla turbine. ijmet, 1-4. Dave, T. (2016). Tesla motor with carbon fibre. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 1-12. Emran, T. (2011). TESLA TURBINE TORQUE MODELING. Texas Tech, 1-92. FAIRALL, E. (2017). Design consideration for high surface speed and high load switched reluctance machines. McMaster, 1-205. Guha, H. a. (2009). The design of a test rig and study of the performance and efficiency of a Tesla disc turbine. Journal of Power and Energy, 1(1), 451-455. Holland, K. (2015). Design, construction and testing of a Tesla Turbine. Natural Resources Engineering, 1-185. Joo Batista, F. D. (2015). Testla turbine revisited. research Gate, 1-7. Joshi, K. (2016). Hybrid Tesla Pelton Wheel Turbine. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 7(9), 1-6. Khan, U. (2013). Modern improved and effective design of boundary layer turbine for robust control and efficient production of green energy. Univesity College of Engineering and Technology, 1-7. Nell, J. O. (2010). Prodigal genius: The life of Tesla Motor. Ancient wisdom, 1-42. Qamar, Z. Q. (2016). Design and Analysis of Prototype Tesla Turbine for Power Generation Applications. Technical Journal, University of Engineering and Technology, 21(11), 1-6. Reddy, S. . (2017). Study and Design of Bladeless Tesla Turbine. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 12(5), 1-10. Sanghvi, M. (2016). Desgin and material selection in disk. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 8(7), 1-8. Klein, M. (2010). The power makers: Steam, electricity, and the men who invented modern America. New York: Bloomsbury Press. Krishnan, V. G. (2015). Design and Fabrication of cm-scale Tesla Turbines. Berkeley, CA. Leaman, A. B. (2010). The design, construction and investigation of a Tesla turbine. College Park, Md.. Milton, R. (2014). Forbidden science: Suppressed research that could change our lives. London: Fourth Estate. O'Neill, J. J. (2010). Prodigal genius: The life of Nikola Tesla. Charleston, S.C: Ancient Wisdom. Peshlakai, A. (2012). Challenging the versatility of the Tesla turbine: Working fluid variations and turbine performance. Rice, J. D. (2014). Steam stirling: Engines you can build : book 2. Traverse City, Mich: Village Press. Romanin, V. D. (2012). Theory and Performance of Tesla Turbines. Berkeley, CA. Seifer, M. J. (2008). Wizard: The life and times of Nikola Tesla : biography of a genius. New York: Kensington Publishing Corp. Stevens, H. (2013). Hitler's flying saucers: A guide to German flying discs of the Second World War. Kempton, Ill: Adventures Unlimited Press.

5 Reasons to Support Your Local Community Theater

5 Reasons to Support Your Local Community Theater When I was still in my teens, a friend was directing a community theater production of Once Upon a Mattress, a musical retelling of They desperately needed a spotlight operator, so I obliged. On opening night, as I sat up above the audience, I watched as the people chatted anxiously. I witnessed their hushed awe as the stage manager lowered the houselights. Then, after the curtains were drawn, and the opening number began, I spotted one energetic performer after another. After that night, I was hooked on plays. I didn’t simply fall in love with theater because of its entertainment value. That evening I learned that community theaters benefit not just the audience but the entire community. So, why should you support your local playhouse? Here are a few ideas to consider: Nurture New Artists: Many successful actors, directors, writers, and choreographers have launched their careers in humble, small town playhouses. Just by attending and applauding, audiences give up-and-coming stars the positive feedback they need to continue their artistic pursuits. Also, many community theaters offer classes for children’s productions. The stage develops confidence and responsibility within young performers. In my experience, I have seen the shyest of children improve her communication skills. When I directed children’s shows for a local civic light opera, I met a seven year old girl named Megan who only spoke in whispers; she didn’t have any friends at the beginning of rehearsals. However, the choreographer noticed that she moved very gracefully. We gave her a special dance solo. It boosted her self-esteem. Soon, she was an outgoing, talkative, and friendly part of the cast. Share Valuable Skills: Community theaters need more than just cast members. Anyone that can sew a costume, paint a backdrop, build a staircase, or edit a sound effect is a desirable addition to the company. Novices of a particular skill, such as construction or lighting, can increase their ability by working alongside veteran craftsmen. Likewise, experts can enjoy sharing their knowledge and passing their craftsmanship to the next generation.    Advertise Locally:    Small business owners should financially support playhouses, and not just for altruistic reasons. A good thirty minutes before a show, most audience members spend their time thumbing through the program, inspecting the actor bios. It’s the perfect opportunity to advertise. Theater goers are essentially a captive audience while they scan through the program. Small business can use this time to reach hundreds of potential customers. Ad space is relatively inexpensive and will help the performing arts thrive.    Socialize with New People:    Whether you work as an assistant director, a chorus member, the star of the show or a stagehand, one thing is certain: you will meet new friends. There is something exhilarating about putting on a show. It brings people close together; it tests their skills, and it enlightens audiences. Many lifelong friendships and relationships have been formed while practicing sword fighting, stage-kissing, or falling through a trap door. There is a strong bond with all who band together to put on a play. We become friends because we work as one to tell as story.    Be Part of the Storytelling Process:    Plays are an ancient form of storytelling. It’s a creative ritual still very much alive despite the age of  Youtube. Most community theaters produce time-tested classics such as Man of La Mancha, Death of a Salesman, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Some are light hearted; some are deep and profound. All offer a message to the audience. Classic and contemporary plays speak to us because they explore what it means to be human. Those who participate in the storytelling process can feel proud knowing they are spreading a positive message to their community. So go audition. Offer up your skills. Advertise in the program. Contribute your time and energy. And by all means, go see a show! You’ll become a part of the vibrant, long-cherished tradition of the theatrical storytelling. â€Å"The powerful Play goes on, and you may contribute a verse.† Walt Whitman

Moulin Rouge Essays

Moulin Rouge Essays Moulin Rouge Paper Moulin Rouge Paper Essay Topic: Film Taking risks are essential for one to live life to the fullest. Indeed, taking risks may be dangerous and impacts one’s life negatively, but this allows individuals to encounter experiences that may be beneficial as it is a positive way to learn new skills and to test one’s limits and the limits of others. This is evident in both Baz Luhrmann’s 2001 romantic, musical film ‘Moulin Rouge’ and Libby Hathorn’s children’s book, ‘Okra and Acacia : The Story of the Wattle Patterned Plate’. These two texts present the protagonists and other characters taking risks such as romantic risk, social risk and professional risk. In Luhrmann’s film, Moulin Rouge, Christian takes a romantic risk by fraternising with Satine who is a courtesan and romancing the Duke because he has claimed rights to the Moulin rouge. During the scene where Christian and Satine are having private rehearsals together, the lovers are viewed in a mid shot showing their affect towards each other, is then disrupted by the intrusion of the Duke. The couple’s fast-reacted body language of the two separating form each other’s arms display the severity of the romantic and professional risks that Christian and Satine are partaking. In spite of this, this risk is worth taking as it allows the writer and the courtesan to experience love. This persuades the viewers to go and watch the film. The music which is used throughout the trailer is contemporary, modern music of the current day: songs which the audience are familiar with, for example Your Song by Elton John and Roxanne by Sting. Although the film is set at the end of the 19th Century and the images in the shots show this, the music conveys feelings and emotions which have no historical boundaries, meaning the shots and music relate to each other. The director has chosen to use these contrasting but well relating devices as it shows that peoples emotions have not changed even though music and fashion has. An example of this interesting film language is used in frames shot inside the Moulin Rouge were people are dancing, dressed in historical costumes. Over these shots Roxanne is played expressing passion and emotions of characters even more. Baz Luhrmanns clever directing influences the viewers into going to see the film by using sympathetic background music. By using familiar songs this captures the audiences attention, persuading them further into going to watch the film Moulin Rouge. The director uses different cinematic shots to vary the frames in the trailer. Different shots have different terms which are used to indicate the amount of subject/character within a frame, how far away the camera is from the subject/character, and the perspective of the viewer. Each different shot has a different purpose and effect on the audience. An Extreme Long Shot (ELS) is generally used as a scene setting shot. In this trailer, in shot 5, it shows a shot of Paris ranging from the Eiffel Tower to the Moulin Rouge. This informs the audience where the film is set making them more interested in the film as they can really relate to the place where the film was shot. Baz Luhrmann has chosen use many long shots (LS) to view characters as approximately life size i. e. corresponding to the real distance between the audience and the real screen. Long shots show a full length shot of the character from head to toe. Long shots are very popular in this trailer when the shots are inside the club and show many people dancing together. This interests the audience more as they feel involved in the trailer as the viewers enter the mind of the Moulin Rouge. The director uses long shots to introduce characters to the audience so they know what they look like. This persuades the audience to go and watch the movie at the cinema. The most popular shot in the Moulin Rouge trailer is the Medium Shot (MS); which includes variation called the two shot and three shot. A medium shot contains characters from the waist up and they are mainly used in dialogue scenes. The medium shots are frequently used in the Moulin Rouge trailer and there over 30 dialogue shots between characters. If a shot contains two characters from the waist up these are called the two shot. These often occur in this trailer when there is a narrative between characters. For example the most frequent two shots are of Satine and Christian, the lovers. These are shots which include dialogue informing the audience of the storyline. The three shot are also used. This is when a shot contains three figures. The director uses the three shots when three characters are talking for example, a three shot is used between Satine, Christian and the Duke. Here the audience feel tension and suspense as the Duke wants to split the couple up and make Satine his but the audience do not want this. Medium shots focus in on the characters actions and show the audience more clearly of the relationships between the characters making the audience wanting to go and see the film. A Close Up Shot (CUS) concentrates on either a face or detail of Mises of close up shots in the Moulin Rouge trailer are close up shots of Satines diamante necklace, Satines face and the Dukes facial expressions. These close up shots magnify the object showing the audience the importance of things, i. e. the expression on the Dukes face where he scowls and strokes his moustache, gives the audience the feeling that he is not to be trusted and he is sincere. The close up shots take the audience into the minds of the characters as people who the viewers really trust are only allowed to get that close to their face, for example Satines loving face as she gazes at Christian. The director uses a close up to make the audience feel comfortable or uncomfortable about characters. A close up of the Duke makes the audience feels tense and hatred towards him, compared to the loving, protective relationship between Satine and the audience. These close up shots influence the viewer more to go and see Moulin Rouge as audience develops strong relationships towards characters. The director has chosen to use extreme versions of the close up shot which magnifies on a part of the face i. e. eye. These shots are known as Extreme Close Up Shots (ECUS). In the 53rd shot the director uses an extreme close up on Satines eyes focusing the audiences attention on to them. The audience are allowed to wander further into Satines mind increasing the feeling of care between Satine and the audience. The audience become involved in the film as they now feel they know Satine like a sibling as the extreme close up develops the emotions of the audience. By doing this the viewers feel even more persuaded to go and see the movie where they can find out what happens in Satines life at the Moulin Rouge. A trailer is a montage of shots which persuades the audience to go and see the film which is being advertised. A major part of the trailer is how the shots and frames have been put together. This is known has editing. Editing is a term used to describe the process of looking at all the footage which has been shot during the making of the film, placing it in a desired order and then joining it together. Editing consists of two major parts: the speed of editing i. e. how long does a shot last? The style of editing i. e. how are the shots joined together? The Moulin Rouge trailer consists of around 120 shots most of which are set inside the Moulin Rouge. The speed of each shots relates to the situation being portrayed and the background music which is playing. The tempo (speed) of the editing shots for the Moulin Rouge trailer starts reasonably slow, with each lasting about 2 to 3 seconds as the characters are introduced and the synopsis of the storyline begins. The speed of editing relates to the rhythm of the particular background music being played over the shots. The first montage of shots shows Satine and Christian meeting and how their love for one another develops whilst your song is played linking the shots together. The audience are meant to feel relaxed and sense the love between the couple growing as a romantic slow song is played linking the shots together. The speed of editing increases around the 67th shot where the Duke is intervening and meddling in the couples relationship. Here the background music quickens. The rhythm becomes faster and more random creating an atmosphere of tension and suspense for the audience as the couple begin to fall apart because of the Duke. Here the speed of editing increases to about 1 second per shot as the tension mounts. Will the couples love resist the evil Dukes temptations? This makes the trailer more interesting for the viewers as they are left with unanswered questions about the characters meaning the trailer has been successful, as the audience need to go and see the movie so their questions can be answered. By using background music with a strong rhythm it makes the speed of editing more noticeable so the audience feel these certain feelings. The second part of editing is how the shots have been joined together to create a 3 minute trailer for Moulin Rouge. The most frequent and popular style of editing is the straight cut were one frame is joined to the next straight on. The director must be able to combine shots without distracting the audiences attention from the images and narrative on screen. Baz Luhrmann is successful in doing this with straight cuts as well as with other styles of cut. At the end of this trailer the finally screens are the credits (names of actress and actors) and then the screen fades to black meaning that is the end of the trailer. This method is called fade-out. This style of editing is used to signify to the audience that something tense is about to happen or has just happened, or that the trailer has ended. This leaves the audience in suspense so they have to go and watch the Moulin Rouge. In the tenth to eleventh frames these are joined with a dissolve cut. In the tenth shot it shows the inside view of the Moulin Rouge club. Then the eleventh shot, which is a shot of Satine standing on the stage, is slowly brought in beneath the other image. A dissolve cut blends shots together without the audience noticing them. The director uses dissolve cuts to join shots together to add a variety of different styles of editing to the trailer, to make it more interesting to watch for the audience. The director has chosen to use a jump cut to draw the audiences attention onto an object very suddenly. Baz Luhrmann uses a jump cut when focusing the viewers attention onto Satines diamond necklace in a blue velvet box. It is a quick shot but the audiences attention is brought into focus very quickly as the Diamonds sparkle in the light. This is significant as the jewellery is a present from the Duke to Satine, who the audience know this is unusual as Satine feels tense around him. The director does this to influence the audience by suggesting the Duke is buying Satines love with the necklace. This makes the viewers detest the Duke even more. By using a variety of different style editing methods this makes the trailer more unique, persuading the audience to go and see the film.

Health Care Organization As Metaphor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health Care Organization As Metaphor - Essay Example This metaphor of the organism can be used to understand a lot of different organizations including multinationals such as the Public Health Institute (PHI). Part I: Health Care Organization as Metaphor For the last three years, I have been working as a public health nurse with the Public Health Institute (PHI). The PHI is an internationally recognized public health organization known for its dynamic leadership in helping to improve the health of women, youths and children across the world. The main objective of the organization is to uncover health disparities existing among these identified groups, understand the causes of these disparities, and address each of them using evidence based solutions. The Public health Institute addresses various issues affecting women, children and youths and including asthma, obesity, and sexual and reproductive health on the international scene. In America the organization specifically focuses on nutrition, maternal mortality, depression and breast c ancer among women. The vision of the organization is to raise the social status of young people, girls and women by equipping them with desirable leadership skills and health education. The PHI is internationally funded by a diverse group of individuals and corporate entities to help it advance its course. My role in the organization was to focus on helping women and children under one year of age to overcome their health challenges. This involved working with women to fight breast cancer and depression, and advising them on proper nutrition to prevent them from contracting preventable diseases and helping to reduce the mortality rate. I also engaged with little children less than one year of age to help them fight asthmatic problems and other diseases prevalent among children in this age group. The PHI being an international organization, I had an opportunity to work overseas with different communities advancing the objectives of the organization. In my role as a public health nurs e with the PHI, I have gathered a lot of experience and knowledge in public health. I now understand fully how organizations in the public health sector operate, and I can relate running these organizations to various organizational theories that have been developed over time. Gareth Morgan’s theory of metaphors of organizations, for instance, can be relied upon to understand how the Public Health Institute (PHI) is structured and how it manages its affairs. My knowledge of these metaphors of organizations has greatly impacted my general understanding of public health as a nurse and as an administrator in one of the largest global public health organizations. Gareth Morgan (2006) in Images of an Organization stipulated that an organization can be best understood based on various images or metaphors that relate the organization to its environment and the need to be competitive and run into the foreseeable future. Among the images used by Gareth Morgan are machine, culture, pol itical system, organism, and the brain (Morgan, 2006). The image that can best be relied upon to understand the PHI is that of the organism. The metaphor of the organism considers all organizations to be as living organisms (Jim, 2000). Indeed, there are so many similarities between an organization and a living organism. As an organism, an organization is in a constant state of change and growth. Just as organisms, all organizations have very complex needs to thrive and survive over

HR Alignment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HR Alignment - Assignment Example That is, the strategy must not be seen as being either over or below the achievability of the goals (Handler & Jasinski, 2010). To understand the role that HR has as a partner and driver of change in meeting the organization’s strategy, it is important to ask the probing question of how the organizational strategy can be run without the employee base of the organization. With this question in mind, it will be appreciated that the role of HR helps in setting an organizational strategy that rightly meets the competencies of the human resource base of the organization. Whiles setting organizational strategies to meet employee competences, Becker, Huselid and Ulrich (2001) also recommends the need to ensure that the strategies can be tightened to make employees challenged to build their competences. Even though it is generally accepted that aligning HR goals with the organization’s strategy is an important thing to do, the approach to doing this has often been challenging for most managers. Using systems thinking or systems view helps to make the alignment process very simple. This is because in its original terms, systems thinking is about understanding how processes influence one another within a whole organization to form a system (Handler & Jasinski, 2010). This means that when systems view is used, the HR goals will be seen as a unit, as well as the organization’s strategy, the two of which will have a simple modality that integrates them in serving a common

Spectrum of Benign Breast Disease and Its Management

Spectrum of Benign Breast Disease and Its Management AUTHORS: Dr.( Mrs) Archana shukla (Assistant Professor )dept of surgery Gandhi medical college, Bhopal M.P. Dr. S. S. Pal (Associated professor) dept of surgery Gandhi medical college Bhopal M.P. ABSRACT: Breast disease in females causes great deal of anxiety and fear of carcinoma and thus losing it. Not all breast diseases and lumps are carcinoma. To study this enigma of females, patients with breast symptoms were studied for 12 months of time Jan 2013 to Dec 2013 in unit iii, dept of surgery, Hamidia hospital, Gandhi medical college Bhopal. Study was conducted to determine the incidence, role of histopathology and imaging in diagnosis and management. The disease is complex group of symptoms and sign such as lump, mastalgia, nipple discharge and combination of these. This was done so as to differentiate and identify the benign group which was much larger in number. They require more counseling, assurance and education regarding benign nature and it being a developmental disorder. Such disorders if untreated may convert into disease which is more persistent. The mean age was 32 as the youngest was age of 14 yrs and the oldest was of 50 yrs of age. The commonest diagnosis was fibroadenoma followed by fibroadenosis . Tuberculosis was the most concerning disease we came across. KEYWORDS: Benign Breast Diseases, young female, fibroadenoma. INTRODUCTION: Majority of patients having sign and symptoms of breast disease fall under benign group rather than carcinoma yet carcinoma takes the precedence over it due to its fearsome nature.1,2,3,4 The benign breast disease group patients have variable symptoms including lump, lump with pain, nodularity, nipple discharge due to relative heterogeneous underlying pathology.5Breast development is governed by growth hormone and cortisol. Breast function is governed by oestrogen progesterone prolactine and oxytocin. Breast undergoes dynamic cyclic changes governed by these hormones and growth factors. 15 These hormones have profound trophic effect. These changes are seen in epithelium and stroma from onset of puberty to menopause. Estrogen have effect on ducts where as progesterone have effect on epithelium. With the onset of puberty there is decrease in sensitivity of the hypothalamus and pituitary axis to negative feedback and increased sensitivity to positive feedback of estrogens. This initiates GnRH, FSH, LH causing increase in estrogens and progesterone which is the cause for menstrual cycle. This increase is responsible for proliferation of epithelium, duct and stroma. These changes may lead to Aberration in normal development of breast and involution of breast, causing majority of benign breast disorder. These disorders may convert into disease if untreated. Exaggerated response to hormones oestrogen causes development of single or multiple proliferatory breast diseases such as fibroadnenoma which is benign solid mobile mass which has both fibrous and glandular part.11 Fibroadenoma of more than 10 cm are termed as phylloids tumor owing to shape it attains due to large size. Sometimes the changes have proliferation of ducts, lobules, interlobular and inter lobular stroma leading to fibrous changes with cystic changes commonly termed fibrocystic disease. 13 Such proliferation may have atypical hyperplasia including ductal and lobular hyperplasia, which has increased risk for development of carcinoma in future. Apart from this, multifocal lesions with calcification increase many fold risk.6,7.8 Then there are symptoms of nipple. As a developmental defect there may be nipple inversion which may present as subareolar abscess in later age. During involution phase there is ductal involution causing ductal ectasia if not treated can lead to periductal mastitis or may sometimes have atypical hyperplasia.6 During lactation the breast undergoes many dynamic changes and if there is problem in expression of milk there may be occurrence of breast abscess. If not treated adequately may lead to chronic breast abscess, antibioma and milk sinus. To certain the diagnosis of usually neglected and underestimated disease there is a huge role of histopathology and imaging technologies. With the help of histopathology proliferatory , non proliferatory disorders and diseases, breast cyst and other pathologies such as tuberculosis and lipoma can be detected. 20 There is a role of microbial culture in diagnosis of infectious disease. Similarly ultrasonography is helpful in diagnosis and in management also.13,22 Triple assessment test, which include clinical examination imaging and histopathology examination is the gold standard approach to the diagnosis though elderly females may require mammography.20,21,22 We have conducted study to determine the frequency of the disease, to analyze the role of triple assessment and to know implication in management. 13,15 16 METHOD Our study was conducted for one year in Jan 2013 to Dec 2013, under unit 3 Dept. of Surgery, Hamidia Hospital, Gandhi Medical College. We included all the patients coming to surgery OPD with breast complaints.14 Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Patients were recorded under following points: History, Clinical examination FNAC of all palpable lumps, nodularities was done. In patients where there was dilemma trucut biopsy was done. Microbial examination and abscess wall biopsy was done in all case of breast abscess and antibiomas. USG, mammography Imaging was done. In our setup, USG was the most accessible radiographic investigation available. All the patients were subjected to USG to locate and know the lesion but in doubtful cases mammosonography was done. Age varied from 12-50 years hence 4 groups were made: 12-20 years 20-30 years 30 -40 years 40 and above RESULT: In first age group the most common complaint was lump in one of the breast or both. Most of these patients did not have complaints of pain. It was followed by lump with pain. We did not have any patients with complaint of nipple discharge in this group.15,16,17 In second group most common complaint was lump in breast with pain and bilateral generalized breast pain without lump and nodularity which were grouped under mastalgia. The third group was lesser in number. They were mainly having complaints of lump, fever and pain. There were very few patients in fourth group and complaints were that of pain and nipple discharge. In total there were 148 patients with lump and out of which 62 were that of fibroadenoma, 4 patients of fibroadenoma were of size more than 10 cm hence labelled as phylloid. Most of the fibroadenoma were unilateral and only 7 patients had bilateral adenomas. 5,12 There were 40 patients who were diagnosed as fibroadenosis. All patients underwent FNAC one patient showed atypical hyperplasia. 6,7,8 After this, the next common diagnosis was that of breast abscess which was common in lactating females. The diagnosis which worried us the most was that of tuberculosis of breast. We found 10 cases of this disease presenting as chronic and recurrent breast abscess, showed mycobacterium tuberculi in culture.1 8 We also found 6 patients of antibioma and 2 patients of galactocoele. There were patients of ductal ectasia and one patient of lipoma and one of breast cyst. Patients having significant symptoms of pain but not found with any lesion on radiographic investigation were labeled as mastalgia. Out of 7 only 3 were cyclical and rest were not related to cycle. 15,16,17 MANAGEMENT- Out of 62 patients of fibroadenoma, there were 18 patients with lesion less than 2 cm as detected clinically and confirmed by ultrasonography .these patients were treated conservatively.22 Surgery was proposed to all other 44 patients 40 patients consented for surgery and were operated, in all these excision was done under anesthesia.12 We registered 40 patients of fibroadenosis, in 6 patients excision of the most painful and noduler area was done rest of the patients were treated conservatively by oral medication of evening prime rose oil and vitamin E. In patients not getting relieved by above, Danazol which is an anti gonadotrophin was found useful. As it is having androgenic effects non compliance was observed in most of the patients. In one patient with FNAC showing atypical hyperplasia excision of affect quadrant with subsequent follow-up was done by series of mammography. As patient with atypical hyperplasia, multi focal lesion with calcifications have many fold increased risk for developing carcinoma 6,7,8 Patient was subjected risk reduction strategies like yearly mammography, stopping oral contraceptive pills and hormone replacement therapy if any.6,7 In patients with mastalgia cyclic or non cyclic patients are treated with conservative manner by life style modification, eating low fat diet and avoiding caffeine. After ruling out infection pt responds well to NSAID and Danazol. Simple breast cyst was treated with aspiration.22 All 12 the patients of breast abscess were treated by surgical ID. microbial examinations were done all the cases.21,23 10 patients came history of presence of lump and pain and low grade fever and malaise, on ultrasonography showed hypo echoic lesion suggestive of abscess showed presence of mycobacterium tuberculi in abscess wall biopsy and were treated by anti tubercular treatment.18 Patient with antibioma were treated in conservative manner in lactating women where as in non lactating open drainage and curettage was done. There were two patients of galactocoele and one of breast cyst in which aspiration was done. One patient of breast lump after excision biopsy was diagnosed as lipoma. All the patients with complaints of nipple discharge underwent cytological examination of discharged fluid. There was one patient of ductal ectasia which on ultra sonogrphy showed ductal pappiloma for which microdochectomy was done. Patients with bilateral breast pain with cyclic nodularity were diagnosed as mastalgia. These patients underwent series of ultrasonography but no focal lesion was found. In patients with mastalgia cyclic or non cyclic patients are treated with conservative manner by life style modification, eating low fat diet and avoiding caffeine. Patient responds well to NSAID and Danazol. DISCUSSION: When a female notices breast lesion she undergoes great degree of anxiety due to apprehension of gruesome carcinoma which causes breast lose and most fearful disfigurement.1.3.4 Benign breast diseases are much more common than malignant lesions but the aggressive nature of carcinoma takes the precedence of the worry.9 Thus it the most important priority of surgeon to reach up to a definite diagnosis and once the carcinoma is excluded the patient should be reassured and educated for further follow up.10,23 It is also there for prolonged period of time and requires counseling and reassurance apart from definitive treatment. Triple assessment test is essential for the patients with complaints of breast diseases.19 Any clinical or suspicious lesion requires pathological diagnosis. Patients with proliferatory disease without atypia have very little risk of breast cancer but patients with atypia have substantial great risk of breast cancer.6 The common age group for BBD is younger age group, who have less say in the family. The symptoms are considered trivial and discomfort converts in pain. FNAC had high predictive value. In our study there was high sensitivity to fibroadenoma. 12,19The poor sensitivity to fibroadenosis is due to poor cellular aspirate. Frequent FNAC were required some times as the disadvantage of scaring of excision biopsy and damage to ductal system architecture was not acceptable.21,22,23 In studies done by Abhijit M. G. in rural area of karnatak, India in year 2009- 2011 there is high incidence of fibroadenoma, total pt were 110, 68 underwent exicision( 61.8%)of which 60 (88.2%) were fibroadenoma. In Pakistan study done by Batool et al at Lahore, out of 63 patients of BBD there were 38 patients of fibroadenoma. In our study there were 41.9% of fibroadenoma out of that 29.03 % of cases were less than 2 cm and were treated conservatively were as in 70.9 % of cases were proposed surgery but only 64.6 % of patient got operated. There were 25.9% cases of fibroadenosis. In above studies there less incidence of tuberculosis which is 6.2% in our study. This the matter of concern and required more follow ups. In developing country especially in rural area the treatment of breast disease poses lots of problem care system due to social stigma, illiteracy poverty and lack of availability of authentic health care system. CONCLUSION The disease of breast which is concluded to be benign may be trivial for family members but it imposes substantial anxiety and affected day to day life of sufferers.9,23 The mean age affected was 32. The common benign breast disorder which we came across is fibroadenoma which is more common in young age.12,19,23 They are best treated surgically though small sized can be managed conservatively with good follow up. The disease variant of this disorder phylloids tumor needs more diagnostic confirmations to rule out malignancy, excision and follow-ups. Fibroadenosis and mastalgia patients suffer more as there is no surgical cure and the conservative management is not very affective. Anti gonadotrophins due to androgenic side effects are not tolerated well. Anti oestrogen drugs also do not have good compliance due to systemic side effects like flushing and nausea and vomiting as they are to be consumed for prolonged period of time. Periodic NSAID and lifestyle management was more accepted. Infectious disease were found commonly in lactating females Main concern were patients of tuberculosis which are 6.28 % of all patients and much higher in no. than other studies we came across. 18This was more common in age group of 20-30 yrs. Though all mentioned patient were treated completely to our satisfaction. With senescence, there was complaint of nipple discharge in elderly patients due to ductal ectasia and periductal mastits. It required more detailed and dedicated approach so as to rule out the carcinoma which is higher in this age group. Thus benign breast disease has good prognosis but requires thorough investigations and management for desired results.9 References 18 Mehta G, Mittal A, Verma S. Breast Tuberculosis Clinical Spectrum and Management. Indian J Surg 2010;72:433- 19 Lopez-Ferrer P, Jimenez-Heffernan JA, Vicandi B, Ortega L, Viguer JM. Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast fibroadenoma: a cytohistologic correlation study of 405 cases. Acta Cytologica 1999;43:579- 20 . Park IA, Ham EK. Fine needle aspiration cytology of palpable breast lesions. Acta Cytologica 1997;41:1131- 21. Iglehart JK, Smith BL. Diseases of the breast. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 18th ed. India: Elsevier; 2008:858-61. 22 Thomas JM, Fitzharris BM, Redding WH, Williams JE, Trott PA, Powles TJ, et al. Clinical examination, xeromammography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of breast tumours. Br Med J 1978;21:1139-412 23 Srivatsava A, Dhar A. Benign Breast Disease: A neglected entity. Recent Advances in Surgery 2006;10:175-2011. TABLE NO 1 ETIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTIONS CHART 1 OPERATIVE AND CONSERVATIVE TABLE NO 2 AGE DISTRIBUTION CHART 2 SPECTRUM OF DISEASE

Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulfate and E

Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric acid. Plan I will be conducting an experiment to find out if concentrating Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid will effect the rate of reaction. I predict that the higher the concentration of the Thiosulfate, the quicker it will react with the Hydrochloric Acid. I will test: 20 Acid 20 Thio 0 Water 20 Acid 15 Thio 5 Water 20 Acid 10 Thio 10 Water 15 Acid 20 Thio 5 Water 10 Acid 20 Thio 10 Water The total volume of all the liquids will be kept the same. As will the temperature, conical glass, measuring cylinder and the cross on the piece of paper. I will ensure that all these are kept the same by doing all the experiments on the same day, not changing my equipment and the to...

Reinvestigation of Editorial Genre on the Basis of Generic Structure

Reinvestigation of Editorial Genre: On the Basis of Generic Structure Potential Abstract Editorial research has been developed since about 2005 by some professionals in the field such Scholar Ansary or Babaii because there are many following journals of editorials citing their previous development such as Fartousi and Dumanig (2012), Ansary and Babaii(2009) and so on.Out of the gap in the confirmatory developed by Ansary and Babaii (2005), the research attempts to apply their framework in the online editorials of China Post and the consequence manifests that their editorial GSP matches the consequence of the study, further confirming their research result; however, there are some limitations in the study: there are many other English editorials in non-English-speaking countries not researched yet, so if the future study can confirm the previous research results, then the reliability in the editorial GSP can be more stabilized to the extent of a principle-like theorem.Then, an editori al GSP slightly differs from the work of Ansary and Babaii (2005), id est, that of Fartousi and Dumanig (2012), but the most order or acronyms in Ansar and Babaii’s (2005) editorial GSP is nearly the same; consequently, if the future study can make comparisons among editorial GSPs, the editorial GSP will be developed more completely and perfectly.For the pedagogical implication, the editorial GSP can be designed into a curriculum as an extra-curricular course or even an in-class one for students in the secondary or tertiary education in order to raise learning interest and the medium of communicating competence through absorbing and internalizing the editorial content as a subject or the discipline of in-class oral communication. IntroductionIn light of Ansary and Babaii (2005), during the past years, there has been much research in genre in and across many linguistic use domains; then, the concept, genre, has been a framework for the analysis of the form and rhetorical funct ion such as research articles, dissertations, editorials†¦, serving as a tool for developing educational practices in rhetoric, linguistics, composition studies, ESP, EAP, and so onThe interest in the research lies in the need to confirm a genre model that can be applied into non-English-as-L1 pedagogical environment, the one in Taiwan in order to discipline students’ capability of understanding editorial genre to bolster their reading comprehension for the better effective communication competence. Therefore, based on such stance, it is expected that the editorial genre model may also be applied to the editorial genre in the online version of Taiwan editorial genres which will be discussed in the methodology.For the research relative to the study theme, there is considerable. For instance, Anaray and Babii(2005) have formulated the editorial GSP on the online Washington editorials, which is the main base of the study. Next, Flowerdew and Dudley-Evans(2002) refer to thei r findings that they may contribute to the comprehension of the function and nature of letter editorials regardless of none generalization about it.Then, Katajamaki and Koskela(2006) studies rhetorical structure of editorials in English, Swedish, and Finnish business newspapers whose conclusion finds that when there is variation, it concerns two stages of the rhetorical structure, i. e. solution and moral, and that editorials in business newspapers seldom present any direct solutions for the critical issues discussed.Besides the aforementioned studies, Ansary and Babii(2009) report that an ‘unmarked’ English newspaper editorial, published either in Iran or Pakistan or the USA, typically consists of four obligatory and two optional generic rhetorical elements. Furthermore, Fartousi and Dumanig (2012) identify the rhetorical pattern of an English editorial titled ‘the Hoodies of NWO’ published on October 8, 2011 in the Tehran Times –the most read Engli sh daily newspaper- in Iran: RH ^ AI ^ (BI) ^ (IA) ^ A ^ (CR) ^ (AS): RH: Run-on Headline, CR: Concluding Remark, AS: Articulating a Solution.In accordance with Ansary and Babaii (2005), they investigate the 30 editorials from online Washington Times in a perspective of SFL—Systemic Functional Linguistics—founded by Michael Halliday and creates a genre model for editorials; however, she expresses in the final textual page before the references that There is a dearth of confirmatory research attempting to examine whether the identified generic patterns apply to other corpuses. To serve this line of investigation, then, it seems advisable to consolidate the findings of previous exploratory genre analyses, including the one reported here, through further research.Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to reinvestigate the gap in the aforementioned journal by Ansary and Babaii (2005), The Generic Integrity of Newspaper Editorials: A Systemic Functional Perspective, on the basis of the work of them and the British linguist, M. A. K. Halliday. If the research successfully proves the fact the genre model with respect of editorials can be applied to the online Chinese Mandarin versions of editorial model, then, it will benefit the pedagogical domain and contribute the academic value concerning the development of the editorial genre format more completely and even fully to academic boundary.Literature Review This research is to reinvestigate if the editorial GSP developed by Ansary and Babaii (2005) and based on Halladian Systemic Functional Linguistics model of texts analysis, can be applied into that of online China Post in Taiwan and to be more specific and detailed, this study is check whether their GSP ( Generic Structural Potential) of English newspaper editorials can be applied into it.What relates to the concepts of the study theme are SFL, Systemic Functional Linguistics, GSP, Generic Structural Potential, and certain acronyms of a certain genre, say, editorial, exemplified later as follows. Accordingly, the study explores relevant research: First, there will be some relevant editorial works from different scholars; then GSP, is stated in detail and one real GSP of editorials listed below for illustration. For SFL, it’s a textual analytical tool or model or framework (Ansary and Babaii, 2005 & Hughes, 2009) set up by M.A. K. Hallidy and by Morley (1985), it states that SFL interprets language as a systematic network of meaning potential and that systems compose language. For the GSP Hassan and Halliday develop it in 1989, and according to Ansary and Babaii(2005), a GSP of a genre is a condensed statement of a text (or a genre) in its CC (Contextual Configuration), and by Hassan(1984), he describes the GSP of a certain genre as â€Å"a statement of the structural resources available in a given genre.Furthermore, in accordance with Halliday and Hasan (1989), a GSP is an abstract theoretical concept that †¦ expres s[es] the total range of optional, [iterative], and obligatory elements and their order in such a way that we exhaust the possibilities of text structure for every text that can be appropriate to [the Contextual Configuration of that text]. In order to further specify the definition of GSP, the following is given and from the research result on editorial GSP done by Hassan: [pic]For each symbol acronyms, the following is its explanations: the caret, ^, is sequence; H stands for Heading; BI, Background Information; AI, Addressing an Issue; IA, Initiation of Argumentation; A; Argumentation; CA; Closure of Argumentation; AP, Articulating a Position; round brackets, ( ), represent optionality; the square brackets, [ ], the limit concerning sequence(the none changeability of sequence); the dot, . means the changeability of order; the braces with an arrow— {[pic]}— stand for the degree of repetition. At last, n and m represent several sets of iteration. To sum up, under SFL theories, it is practicable to use its model later developed, i. e. , GSP, to analyze a structure of a certain genre and the analytical consequence can be formulated by symbols and acronyms in a line. MethodologyThe Framework for the Analysis of Online China Post Editorials Based on the work of Ansary and Babaii (2005) with regard to editorial GSP: [pic], the experiment will be conduced by the same analytical framework for the identification of texts used by Ansary and Babaii (2005). Analytical Procedure: The Sample Analysis of a Full Text As to the in-depth textual analysis, a sample from China Post Online will be given in order to show the how; for the analysis presentation, it just centers on higher-level rhetorical structure of texts, the mode constituting the larger parts of textsThe sample below is an editorial from The China Post electronically published on the column titled Editorial, on the website: http://chinapost. com. tw on Wednesday, December 26, 2012. Result |HEADLINE : |Seeking Christmas while sifting the man from the myth | | | | |The explanation of Jesus’ birth on Christmas. | |ADDRESSING AN ISSUE: |Christmas in Taiwan is not a traditional or mandatory occasion. Contrary | | |to most Western countries, where the annual holiday is celebrated and | |Christmas for Taiwanese is not a traditional or |given so much importance, Christmas is rather an occasion of convenience | |mandatory occasion but a day for friends and |for friends and family. |family reunion. | | |INITIATION OF ARGUMENTATION |For sure, there is more and more convenience for shopping — almost one in | | |two Christmas shoppers do their shopping online — and searching for that | |Buying Christmas gifts for the important one |special someone during the Christmas season.Every time we celebrate | |becomes more convenient, but the faith or the |Christmas, however, we shouldn't run away from the challenges that come | |concepts to Christmas should be challenged |wit h it: to question one's faith. | |ARGUMENT 1: |In his new book, â€Å"The Infancy Narratives — Jesus of Nazareth,† Pope | | |Benedict XVI addresses such challenges when he tells us that there is | |In Pope Benedict XVI’s new book, there are some |something wrong with the timing, animals and angels of Christmas.And | |challenges against the customary Christmas |these little changes make a huge difference. | |concepts. | | |ARGUMENT 2: |Everybody knows that Jesus wasn't actually born on Dec. 25, but the pope | | |indicates that the date for Christmas was based on a blunder by a | |In spite of the common sense about Jesus’ |sixth-century monk who was several years off in his calculation of Jesus' | |birthday not on Dec. 5, the pope further |birth date. | |indicates the wrong origin. | | |ARGUMENT 3: |What significance might this have? It doesn't change the themes and the | | |narrative of the biblical story, which is: Jesus came as a baby, as a | |Pope Bened ict manifests that Jesus was a real |savior to redeem mankind.But in Pope Benedict's words, it shows that | |figure despite the narratives about him in the |Jesus was a real historical figure, who walked on Earth and talked to | |bible. |people like anyone else. | |ARGUMENT 4: |Another thing that the pope challenges is our understanding that farm | | |animals were present on Christmas Eve. In fact, there were probably no | |The pope raises that the farm animals weren’t |oxen, sheep nor donkeys.The pope says in his book that the animals were | |present on Christmas Eve. |implicitly referenced in the text, not explicitly, like in this passage | | |from Luke 2:7, which reads: â€Å"And she gave birth to her firstborn son and | | |wrapped him in bands of cloth, and laid him in a manger, because there was| | |no place for them in the inn. | |ARGUMENT 5: |What about the angels singing? Were there any angels singing? The pope is | | |also saying that there were angels but they were talking, not singing, to | |The angels on the scene were talking instead of |the shepherd. The angels offered directions as to where to find the baby. |singing and were showing the way to find the |The angel said to them, â€Å"Don't be afraid, for look, I proclaim to you good| |infant Jesus. |news of great joy that will be for all the people: Today a Savior, who is | | |Messiah the Lord, was born for you in the city of David. This will be the | | |sign for you: You will find a baby wrapped snugly in cloth and lying in a | | |feeding trough. | |ARTICULATING A POSITION 1: |While we are celebrating Christmas, we should follow the pope in trying to| | |understand the world where Jesus was born and try to better understand | |A thought from the writer is that we should |contemporary Taiwan. Through his new book, Pope Benedict tells us that | |follow the pope’s argument of Jesus’ birth place |even though Caesar brought peace to the Roman Empire, a tiny child brought| |and try to better understand contemporary Taiwan. something much more wonderful: God's peace and a promise to eternal life | | |and the end to sin. | |ARTICULATING A POSITION 2: |If you are also wondering why Christmas came to be such a great | | |celebration in the West, you should also try to find the answer for | |The writer suggests the attitude of questioning |yourself and question your religion and beliefs.While we may all agree | |the reader’s religion and beliefs and refers to |that the pope is a traditional man, we should find comfort that he is | |his feeling on the pope’s contribution with |attempting to explain how the birth of Jesus changed history forever, | |regard to the birth of Jesus. |especially on Christmas Day. | Validity and Reliability of the AnalysisIt is a must to do logical tests to found the analytical validity and reliability, and in light of Yin (1984), construct validity is referential to â€Å"setting up correct operational measures for the studies notations† and reliability refers to proving that the study can be reiterated with the same results. Additionally, Yin (1984) suggests the steps in add- ing construct validity and the how is reviewing and cross-examining the analytical result y the frequent discussions with a postgraduate researcher (Dr. E. Babaii), yet, out of the lack of such suitable one, it is temporarily put off. Besides, for vindicating the analytical reliability, the approach mentioned by Ansary and Babaii (2005) is in the following: First, they randomly selected 10 texts from the corpus and requested two judges with a beforehand training background to independently code the texts. Second.They used Kappa coefficient (K) as a felicitous non-parametric measure to index the degree of agreement between coders and their codings, and the inter-coder and intra-coder reliability indices were calculated: kappa coefficient must exceed . 60 to be dependable and valid index of an acceptable degree of agree ment between judges. Under Prof Chen’s requirement, there are 5 extra GSP analyses from the same editorial website in the following: New Taiwan dollar closes flat after sharp surge (January  8,  2013)GSP:H^[AI]^{IA^A1^A2}{AP}{IA^A1}^{AP} KMT leaves year-end bonus loophole: DPPJanuary  8,  2013, GSP:H^[AI]^{IA^A1^A2^A3^A4}^{AP1^AP2^AP3^AP4} Opposition, ruling parties must agree: time is not on our side December 19, 2012 GSP:H^[AI]^{IA^A1^A2^A3A4}^{AP1^AP2^AP3^AP4} Benefits for the aged are more than just a handout December 11, 2012 GSP:H^[AI]^{IA^A1^A2^A3^A4}^{AP1^AP2^AP3^AP4^AP5} In Diaoyutais dispute, time has come for pragmatic diplomacy November 8, 2012 GSP:H^[AI]^{IA^A1^A2}^{AP1^AP2^AP3^AP4} Discussion The GSP for the editorials based on online China Post can be listed as: [pic] [pic]H^[AI]^{IA^A1^ A2^ A3^ A4^ A5}^{AP1^AP2} In the above GSP, the caret sign indexes sequences order; the square brackets delimit sequence; the braces with an arrow indicate the degree o f iteration. In sum, the aforementioned GSP is a condensed statement signifying an editorial from online China Post may appear in this way: an editorial typically begins with a headline and then addresses an issue and later argumentations and finally end with the articulation of the position. In ddition, such arguments and positions can be repetitive until the conclusion is mentioned. Conclusion Based on the result and discussion, it is obvious that the GSP of the editorials in the online China post matches the one raised by Ansary and Babaii(2005), but the limitation is that if there are more different data sources in the respect of editorials, the editorial GSP may be further confirmed and the degree of reliability may also be increased. For the comparisons between the literature findings as well as mine, it is elaborated below.First, in light of Katajamaki and Koskela(2006), they further indicate the variation in business editorial GSP bout their possible changes, whose result pa ttern is quite similar to Ansary and Babaii’s (2005) and more detailed; therefore, it is a point the future study may refer to. Then for Fartousi and Dumanig (2012) in the comparison between their and mine findings, they’re fairly similar as well: they their editorials GSP contains AR(Articulating a Resolution).Later, for Flowerdew and Dudley-Evans(2002), their finding is that they couldn’t form a formula but can describe of the nature and function about the editorials they analyze. Additionally, in terms of Ansary and Babaii(2009), they express that the non-native English language newspapers often carry a translated version of the same editorial printed in the native language edition of the newspapers, so it is a good research direction in the multiple comparisons in different editorial GSP with regard to whether L2 editorials may transfer their L1 into the editorials.Finally, the pedagogical implication lies in that the model can be applied into teaching mater ials as part of the development for student’s interest in learning English instead of being restricted to the dull textbooks merely, especially for the textbooks in tertiary education and their comprehension in this field. REFERENCES Ansary, Hasan, & Babaii, Esmat (2005). The Generic Integrity of Newspaper Editorials: A Systemic Functional Perspective, Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics Ansary, Hasan, & Babaii, Esmat (2009). A Cross-culture Analysis of English Editorials: A Systemic-Functional View of Text for ContrastiveRhetoric Research Fartousi, Hassan & Dumanig, Francisco Perlas (2012). A Rhetorical Analysis of an Editorial: â€Å"The Hoodies of NWO†. World Science Publisher, United States Flowerdew, John & Dudley-Evans, Tony (2002) Genre Analysis of Editorial Letters to International Letters, Oxford University Press Katajamaki, Heli & Koskela, Merja (2006) The rhetorical structure of editorials in English, Swedish and Finnish business newspapers. Teoksessa Proc eedings of the 5th International Aelfe Conference. Actas del V Congreso International AELFE.